建立应用侧与前端页面数据通道

2024-02-16 13:40 更新

前端页面和应用侧之间可以用createWebMessagePorts()接口创建消息端口来实现两端的通信。

在下面的示例中，应用侧页面中通过createWebMessagePorts方法创建消息端口，再把其中一个端口通过postMessage()接口发送到前端页面，便可以在前端页面和应用侧之间互相发送消息。

应用侧代码。


// xxx.ets
import web_webview from '@ohos.web.webview';

@Entry
@Component
struct WebComponent {
  controller: web_webview.WebviewController = new web_webview.WebviewController();
  ports: web_webview.WebMessagePort[];
  @State sendFromEts: string = 'Send this message from ets to HTML';
  @State receivedFromHtml: string = 'Display received message send from HTML';

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 展示接收到的来自HTML的内容
      Text(this.receivedFromHtml)
      // 输入框的内容发送到html
      TextInput({placeholder: 'Send this message from ets to HTML'})
        .onChange((value: string) => {
          this.sendFromEts = value;
        })

      Button('postMessage')
        .onClick(() => {
          try {
            // 1、创建两个消息端口。
            this.ports = this.controller.createWebMessagePorts();
            // 2、在应用侧的消息端口(如端口1)上注册回调事件。
            this.ports[1].onMessageEvent((result: web_webview.WebMessage) => {
              let msg = 'Got msg from HTML:';
              if (typeof(result) === 'string') {
                console.info(`received string message from html5, string is: ${result}`);
                msg = msg + result;
              } else if (typeof(result) === 'object') {
                if (result instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
                  console.info(`received arraybuffer from html5, length is: ${result.byteLength}`);
                  msg = msg + 'lenght is ' + result.byteLength;
                } else {
                  console.info('not support');
                }
              } else {
                console.info('not support');
              }
              this.receivedFromHtml = msg;
            })
            // 3、将另一个消息端口(如端口0)发送到HTML侧，由HTML侧保存并使用。
            this.controller.postMessage('__init_port__', [this.ports[0]], '*');
          } catch (error) {
            console.error(`ErrorCode: ${error.code},  Message: ${error.message}`);
          }
        })

      // 4、使用应用侧的端口给另一个已经发送到html的端口发送消息。
      Button('SendDataToHTML')
        .onClick(() => {
          try {
            if (this.ports && this.ports[1]) {
              this.ports[1].postMessageEvent(this.sendFromEts);
            } else {
              console.error(`ports is null, Please initialize first`);
            }
          } catch (error) {
            console.error(`ErrorCode: ${error.code}, Message: ${error.message}`);
          }
        })
      Web({ src: $rawfile('xxx.html'), controller: this.controller })
    }
  }
}

前端页面代码。


<!--xxx.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>WebView Message Port Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>WebView Message Port Demo</h1>
    <div>
        <input type="button" value="SendToEts" onclick="PostMsgToEts(msgFromJS.value);"/><br/>
        <input id="msgFromJS" type="text" value="send this message from HTML to ets"/><br/>
    </div>
    <p class="output">display received message send from ets</p>
</body>
<script>
var h5Port;
var output = document.querySelector('.output');
window.addEventListener('message', function (event) {
    if (event.data === '__init_port__') {
        if (event.ports[0] !== null) {
            h5Port = event.ports[0]; // 1. 保存从ets侧发送过来的端口
            h5Port.onmessage = function (event) {
              // 2. 接收ets侧发送过来的消息.
              var msg = 'Got message from ets:';
              var result = event.data;
              if (typeof(result) === 'string') {
                console.info(`received string message from html5, string is: ${result}`);
                msg = msg + result;
              } else if (typeof(result) === 'object') {
                if (result instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
                  console.info(`received arraybuffer from html5, length is: ${result.byteLength}`);
                  msg = msg + 'lenght is ' + result.byteLength;
                } else {
                  console.info('not support');
                }
              } else {
                console.info('not support');
              }
              output.innerHTML = msg;
            }
        }
    }
})
// 3. 使用h5Port往ets侧发送消息.
function PostMsgToEts(data) {
    if (h5Port) {
      h5Port.postMessage(data);
    } else {
      console.error('h5Port is null, Please initialize first');
    }
}
</script>
</html>

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建立应用侧与前端页面数据通道

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