README.md
Name
OpenWAF
第一个全方位开源的Web应用防护系统（WAF），更全面的防护功能，更多样的防护策略
Table of Contents
- Name
- Version
- Synopsis
- Description
- Installation
- Docker
- Community
- Bugs and Patches
- TODO
- Changes
- Copyright and License
- Modules Configuration Directives
- Nginx Variables
- SecRules
Version
This document describes OpenWAF v0.0.3.170103_beta released on 03 Jan 2017.
Docker Version
- titansec/openwaf:0.0.1.161130_beta
SHA: 596dee9d2b9ce44d59dc445141f72b3607f9fbe6
https://github.com/titansec/OpenWAF/tree/596dee9d2b9ce44d59dc445141f72b3607f9fbe6 - titansec/openwaf:0.0.3.170103_beta(titansec/openwaf:latest)
SHA: 28ce1556250301f26f31b46d9cd9dde5a3b3f03f
https://github.com/titansec/OpenWAF/tree/28ce1556250301f26f31b46d9cd9dde5a3b3f03f
Synopsis
#nginx.conf
lua_package_path '/twaf/?.lua;;';
init_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_init.lua;
lua_shared_dict twaf_shm 50m;
upstream test {
server 0.0.0.1; #just an invalid address as a place holder
balancer_by_lua_file twaf_balancer.lua;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name _;
ssl_certificate_by_lua_file twaf_ssl_cert.lua;
rewrite_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_rewrite.lua;
access_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_access.lua;
header_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_header_filter.lua;
body_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_body_filter.lua
log_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_log.lua;
set $twaf_https 1;
set $twaf_upstream_server "";
ssl_certificate nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key nginx.key;
location / {
lua_need_request_body on;
proxy_pass $twaf_upstream_server;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
rewrite_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_rewrite.lua;
access_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_access.lua;
header_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_header_filter.lua;
body_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_body_filter.lua
log_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_log.lua;
set $twaf_upstream_server "";
location / {
lua_need_request_body on;
proxy_pass $twaf_upstream_server;
}
} #default_config-json
#main_safe_policy-jsonDescription
OpenWAF是第一个全方位开源的Web应用防护系统（WAF），他基于nginx_lua API分析HTTP请求信息。OpenWAF由行为分析引擎和规则引擎两大功能引擎构成。其中规则引擎主要对单个请求进行分析，行为分析引擎主要负责跨请求信息追踪。
规则引擎的启发来自modsecurity及freewaf(lua-resty-waf)，将ModSecurity的规则机制用lua实现。基于规则引擎可以进行协议规范，自动工具，注入攻击，跨站攻击，信息泄露，异常请求等安全防护，支持动态添加规则，及时修补漏洞。
行为分析引擎包含基于频率的模糊识别，防恶意爬虫，人机识别等防探测模块，防CSRF，防CC，防提权，文件上传防护等防攻击模块，cookie防篡改，防盗链，自定义响应头，攻击响应页面等防信息泄露模块。
除了两大引擎之外，还包含统计，日志，攻击响应页面，接入规则等基础模块。除了已有的功能模块，OpenWAF还支持动态修改配置， 动态添加第三方模块，使得在不重启引擎中断业务的条件下，升级防护。
OpenWAF支持将上述功能封装为策略，不同的web application应用不同的策略来防护。将来还会打造云平台，策略还可分享供他人参考。
基础模块如下:
功能模块如下:
- 规则引擎 openwaf_rule_engine
- 攻击响应页面 openwaf_attack_response
- API openwaf_api
- 防恶意爬虫 openwaf_anti_mal_crawler
详细配置文档及示例请看上述各模块文档
Installation
若用docker安装，可省略步骤1-3
1. 下载openresty
详见 https://openresty.org/en/installation.html
1.1 cd /opt
1.2 wget -c https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.11.2.1.tar.gz
1.3 tar -xzvf openresty-1.11.2.1.tar.gz
2. 安装OpenWAF
2.1 cd /opt
2.2 获取OpenWAF源文件
git clone https://github.com/titansec/OpenWAF.git
2.3 移动配置文件
mv /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty/ngx_openwaf.conf /etc
2.4 覆盖openresty的configure文件
mv /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty/configure /opt/openresty-1.11.2.1
2.5 移动第三方模块至openresty中
mv /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty/* /opt/openresty-1.11.2.1/bundle/
2.6 删除OpenWAF/lib/openresty目录
rm -rf /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty
3. 编译openresty
3.1 cd /opt/openresty-1.11.2.1/
3.2 ./configure --with-pcre-jit --with-ipv6 \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module
3.3 make && make install
4. 编辑配置文件
4.1 接入规则
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_access_rule.json
编辑域名，后端服务器地址等信息
4.2 日志服务器
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_default_conf.json
配置twaf_log日志接收服务器地址
5. 启动引擎
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/ngx_openwaf.conf
Problems
1. nginx:[emerg] at least OpenSSL 1.0.2e required but found OpenSSL xxx
更新OpenSSL版本至1.0.2e以上即可
如：wget -c http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2h.tar.gz
./config
make && make install
PS:
1. 查看当前openssl版本命令： openssl version
2. 若更新openssl后，版本未变，请详看http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/p/5464620.html
3. 若依然提示版本问题，编译openresty时带上--with-openssl=/path/to/openssl-xxx/
2. 提示找不到GeoIP.h
apt-get install libgeoip-dev
3. 提示找不到swig
apt-get install swig
4. 提示PCRE不支持JIT
编译pcre时，带上--enable-jit参数Docker
1. pull docker images from repository
docker pull titansec/openwaf
2. start-up docker
2.1 docker run, named openwaf
docker run -d -p 22:22 -p 80:80 -p 443:443 --name openwaf titansec/openwaf
2.2 enter openwaf
docker exec -it openwaf /bin/bash
3. edit config
3.1 edit access rule
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_access_rule.json
3.2 edit log server addr
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_default_conf.json
4. start-up OpenWAF
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/ngx_openwaf.conf
PS:
#add bridge address, e.g. 192.168.39.12
pipework br0 ContainerName ip/gateway
如：
pipework br0 openwaf 192.168.39.12/24@192.168.39.253
Problems
1. pipework: command not found
git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
cp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
2. Warning: arping not found; interface may not be immediately reachable
apt-get install arpingCommunity
English Mailing List
The OpenWAF-en mailing list is for English speakers.
Chinese Mailing List
The OpenWAF-cn mailing list is for Chinese speakers.
Personal QQ Mail
290557551@qq.com
QQ Group
579790127
Bugs and Patches
Please submit bug reports, wishlists, or patches by
- creating a ticket on the GitHub Issue Tracker,
- or posting to the OpenWAF community.
TODO
-
- 上传人机识别模块
-
- 上传防盗链模块
-
- 上传防CC模块
-
- 上传cookie防篡改模块
-
- 上传基于频率的模糊识别防探测模块
-
- 上传WebShell上传防护模块
-
- 上传防CSRF模块
-
- 提供页面体验OpenWAF防护功能
-
- 放开动态配置规则引擎API
-
- 放开动态配置行为分析引擎API
Changes
Time: 2016/12/05
Version: v0.0.2.161205_beta
1. New Module - twaf_attack_response
Return Custom response page When the request is rejected by OpenWAF
2. Api - api/stat[/policy_uuid]
Show statistical infomation
Time: 2016/12/05
Version: v0.0.1.161130_beta
1. Docker
build OpenWAF with docker
Time: 2016/12/05
Version: v0.0.1.161012_beta
1. log module
Send tcp/udp log
2. reqstat module
Statistics of request infomation
3. access rule
Publish applications
4. rule engine
Access Control
Copyright and License
This module is licensed under the BSD license.
Copyright (C) 2016-2016, by Jian "Miracle" Qi (齐健) , Titan Co.Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Modules Configuration Directives
twaf_access_rule
{
"twaf_access_rule": [
"rules": [ -- 注意先后顺序
{
"client_ssl": false, -- 客户端认证的开关，与ngx_ssl组成双向认证
"client_ssl_cert": "path", -- 客户端认证所需PEM证书地址
"ngx_ssl": false, -- nginx认证的开关
"ngx_ssl_cert": "path", -- nginx认证所需PEM证书地址
"ngx_ssl_key": "path", -- nginx认证所需PEM私钥地址
"host": "^1\\.1\\.1\\.1$", -- 域名，正则匹配
"port": 80, -- 端口号（缺省80）
"path": "\/", -- 路径，正则匹配
"server_ssl": false, -- 后端服务器ssl开关
"forward": "server_5", -- 后端服务器upstream名称
"forward_addr": "1.1.1.2", -- 后端服务器ip地址
"forward_port": "8080", -- 后端服务器端口号（缺省80）
"uuid": "access_567b067ff2060", -- 用来标记此规则的uuid
"policy": "policy_uuid" -- 安全策略ID
}
]
}
}rules
syntax: "rules": table
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
table类型，接入规则，顺序匹配
client_ssl
syntax: "client_ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_access_rule
客户端认证开关，与ngx_ssl组成双向认证，默认false
client_ssl_cert
syntax: "client_ssl_cert": "path"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，客户端认证所需PEM证书地址，目前仅支持绝对地址
ngx_ssl
syntax: "ngx_ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_access_rule
boolean类型，服务器端(nginx)认证开关，与client_ssl组成双向认证，默认关闭
ngx_ssl_cert
syntax: "ngx_ssl_cert": "path"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，服务器端(nginx)认证所需PEM证书地址，目前仅支持绝对地址
ngx_ssl_key
syntax: "ngx_ssl_key": "path"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，服务器端(nginx)认证所需PEM私钥地址，目前仅支持绝对地址
host
syntax: "host": "ip|domain name regex"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，域名，正则匹配
例如:
"host": "^1\\.1\\.1\\.1$"
"host": "test\\.com"
"host": "^.*\\.com$"
"host": "www.baidu.com"port
syntax: "port": number
default: 80
context: twaf_access_rule
number类型，端口号
path
syntax: "path": "regex"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，路径，正则匹配
例如:
"path": "/"
"path": "/images"
"path": "/[a|b]test"server_ssl
syntax: "server_ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_access_rule
boolean类型，OpenWAF向后端服务器连接的ssl开关
例如:
upstream test {
server 1.1.1.1;
}
http {
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
location / {
#server_ssl为true，相当于proxy_pass后为https
proxy_pass https://test;
#server_ssl为false，相当于proxy_pass后为http
#proxy_pass http://test;
}
}
}forward
syntax: "forward": "upstream_uuid"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，forward表示后端服务器的uuid，即upstream的名称
#如：forward值为test
upstream test {
server 1.1.1.1;
}forward_addr
syntax: "forward_addr": "ip"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，forward_addr表示后端服务器的ip地址（TODO：支持域名）
upstream test {
#如：forward_addr值为1.1.1.1
server 1.1.1.1;
}forward_port
syntax: "forward_port": port
default: 80
context: twaf_access_rule
number类型，forward_port表示后端服务器端口号，默认80
upstream test {
#如：forward_port值为50001
server 1.1.1.1:50001;
}uuid
syntax: "uuid": "string"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，接入规则的唯一标识
policy
syntax: "policy": "policy_uuid"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string类型，满足此接入规则的请求，所使用安全策略的uuid
twaf_anti_hotlink
{
"twaf_anti_hotlink":{
"state":false,
"log_state":true,
"event_id":"110001",
"event_severity":"medium",
"ct_state":false,
"action_meta":403,
"action":"DENY",
"mode":"referer",
"allow_noreferer":true,
"cookie_name":"TWAF_AH",
"uri_ext":["javascript", "css", "html", ""]
}
}state
syntax: "state": true|false|"$dynamic_state"
default: false
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
log_state
syntax: "log_state": true|false|"$dynamic_state"
default: true
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
ct_state
syntax: "ct_state": true|false|"$dynamic_state"
default: false
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
event_id
syntax: "event_id": "string"
default: "110001"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
event_severity
syntax: "event_severity": "string"
default: "medium"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
action
syntax: "action": "string"
default: "DENY"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
action_meta
syntax: "action_meta": "string"|number
default: 403
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
mode
syntax: "mode": "string"
default: "referer"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
allow_noreferer
syntax: "allow_noreferer": true|false
default: true
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
cookie_name
syntax: "cookie_name": "string"
default: TWAF_AH
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
cookie_name表示盗链模块发送COOKIE的名称，默认"TWAF_AH"
此配置只有mode为cookie模式下生效
uri_ext
syntax: "uri_ext": array|exten|"all"
default: none
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
uri_ext表示对哪些资源进行盗链防护
#对html类型资源进行盗链防护
"uri_ext": "html"
#对未知类型资源进行盗链防护，nginx无法解析出资源类型时为空字符串
"uri_ext": ""
#对html、css及未知类型资源进行盗链防护
"uri_ext": ["html", "css", ""]
#对所有资源进行盗链防护
"uri_ext": "all"twaf_anti_mal_crawler
{
"state":false,
"cookie_state":true,
"log_state":true,
"event_id":"710001",
"event_severity":"high",
"force_scan_robots_state":false,
"shared_dict_key":["remote_addr", "http_user_agent"],
"timeout":300,
"crawler_cookie_name":"crawler",
"mal_cookie_name":"mcrawler",
"trap_uri":"/abc/abc.html",
"trap_args":"id=1",
"action":"DENY",
"action_meta":403
}state
syntax: state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: false
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
模块开关，默认false（关闭），支持动态开关
cookie_state
syntax: cookie_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
是否发送cookie,默认true（发送），支持动态开关
log_state
syntax: log_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
安全日志开关， 默认true（记录），支持动态开关
event_id
syntax: event_id
default: "710001"
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
记录安全日志时，显示的事件ID
event_severity
syntax: event_severity critical|high|medium|low
default: high
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
记录安全日志时，显示的事件等级
twaf_reqstat
"twaf_reqstat": {
"state":true,
"safe_state":true,
"access_state":true,
"upstream_state":true,
"shared_dict_name":"twaf_reqshm"
}state
syntax: state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
统计模块开关，支持动态开关，默认开启
access_state
syntax: access_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
访问信息统计开关，支持动态开关，默认开启
safe_state
syntax: safe_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
安全信息统计开关，支持动态开关，默认开启
upstream_state
syntax: upstream_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
转发信息统计开关，支持动态开关，默认开启
shared_dict_name
syntax: shared_dict_name string
default: openwaf_reqshm
context: twaf_reqstat
指定shared_dict名称，在这之前需在nginx配置文件中配置lua_shared_dict
默认shared_dict名称为openwaf_reqshm
twaf_log
"twaf_log": {
"access_log_state":false, -- 访问日志开关
"security_log_state":true, -- 安全日志开关
"sock_type":"udp", -- 支持tcp和udp两种协议
"content_type":"JSON", -- 支持JSON和INFLUXDB两种日志格式
"host":"127.0.0.1", -- 日志服务器地址
"port":60055, -- 日志服务器端口号
"flush_limit":0, -- 缓冲，当存储的日志大于阈值才发送
"drop_limit":1048576,
"max_retry_times":5, -- 最大容错次数
"ssl":false, -- 是否开启ssl协议
"access_log":{} -- 访问日志格式
"security_log":{} -- 安全日志格式
}access_log_state
syntax: "access_log_state": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_log
访问日志开关，默认关闭
security_log_state
syntax: "security_log_state": true|false
default: true
context: twaf_log
安全事件日志开关，默认开启
sock_type
syntax: "sock_type": tcp|udp
default: udp
context: twaf_log
日志传输协议，默认udp
content_type
syntax: "content_type": JSON|INFLUXDB
default: JSON
context: twaf_log
日志格式，默认JSON
host
syntax: "host": string
default: "127.0.0.1"
context: twaf_log
日志接收服务器的ip地址
port
syntax: "port": number
default: 60055
context: twaf_log
日志接收服务器的端口号
flush_limit
syntax: "flush_limit": number
default: 0
context: twaf_log
缓冲区大小，当存储的日志大于阈值才发送，默认值为0，即立即发送日志
drop_limit
syntax: "drop_limit": number
default: 1048576
context: twaf_log
max_retry_times
syntax: "max_retry_times": number
default: 5
context: twaf_log
最大容错次数
ssl
syntax: "ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_log
是否开启ssl协议，默认false
access_log
syntax: "access_log": table
default: false
context: twaf_log
访问日志格式
security_log
syntax: "security_log": table
default: false
context: twaf_log
安全事件日志格式
若content_type为JSON，则日志格式为
[
variable_key_1,
variable_key_2,
...
]若content_type为INFLUXDB，则日志格式为
{
"db":MEASUREMENT名称,
"tags":[variable_key_1, variable_key_2, ...],
"fileds"[variable_key_1, variable_key_2, ...],
"time":true|false
}变量名称详见规则引擎模块twaf_secrules
#日志格式举例
#JSON格式
"security_log": [
"remote_addr",
"remote_port",
"userid",
"dev_uuid",
"original_dst_addr",
"original_dst_port",
"remote_user",
"time_local",
"msec",
"request_method",
"request_uri",
"request_protocol",
"status",
"bytes_sent",
"http_referer",
"http_user_agent",
"gzip_ratio",
"http_host",
"raw_header"
]
#INFLUXDB格式
"security_log": {
"db":"test", -- MEASUREMENT名称
"tags":[], -- tags keys
"fileds":[ -- fileds keys
"remote_addr",
"remote_port",
"userid",
"dev_uuid",
"original_dst_addr",
"original_dst_port",
"remote_user",
"time_local",
"msec",
"request_method",
"request_uri",
"request_protocol",
"status",
"bytes_sent",
"http_referer",
"http_user_agent",
"gzip_ratio",
"http_host",
"raw_header"
],
"time":true -- 日志是否携带时间戳
}twaf_secrules
"twaf_secrules":{
"state": true, -- 总开关
"reqbody_state": true, -- 请求体检测开关
"header_filter_state": true, -- 响应头检测开关
"body_filter_state": true, -- 响应体检测开关
"reqbody_limit":134217728, -- 请求体检测阈值，大于阈值不检测
"respbody_limit":524288, -- 响应体检测阈值，大于阈值不检测
"pre_path": "/opt/OpenWAF/", -- OpenWAF安装路径
"path": "lib/twaf/inc/knowledge_db/twrules", -- 特征规则库在OpenWAF中的路径
"rules_id":{ -- 特征排除
"111112": [{"REMOTE_HOST":"a.com", "URI":"^/ab"}] -- 匹配中数组中信息则对应规则失效，数组中key为变量名称，值支持正则
"111113": {} -- 特征未被排除
"111114": [{}] -- 特征被无条件排除
}
}state
syntax: state true|false
default: true
context: twaf_secrules
规则引擎总开关
reqbody_state
syntax: reqbody_state true|false
default: true
context: twaf_secrules
请求体检测开关
header_filter_state
syntax: header_filter_state true|false
default: true
context: twaf_secrules
响应头检测开关
body_filter_state
syntax: body_filter_state true|false
default: false
context: twaf_secrules
响应体检测开关，默认关闭，若开启需添加第三方模块[ngx_http_twaf_header_sent_filter_module暂未开源]
reqbody_limit
syntax: reqbody_limit number
default: 134217728
context: twaf_secrules
请求体检测大小上限，默认134217728B(128MB)，若请求体超过设置上限，则不检测
PS：reqbody_limit值要小于nginx中client_body_buffer_size的值才会生效
respbody_limit
syntax: respbody_limit number
default: 134217728
context: twaf_secrules
响应体检测大小上限，默认134217728B(128MB)，若响应体大小超过设置上限，则不检测
pre_path
syntax: pre_path string
default: /opt/OpenWAF/
context: twaf_secrules
OpenWAF的安装路径
path
syntax: path string
default: lib/twaf/inc/knowledge_db/twrules
context: twaf_secrules
特征规则库在OpenWAF中的路径
rules_id
syntax: rules_id table
default: none
context: twaf_secrules
用于排除特征
Nginx Variables
$twaf_https
syntax: set $twaf_https 0|1
default: 0
context: server
用于标记请求是否通过ssl加密
"set $twaf_https 1"，则表示请求通过ssl加密
"set $twaf_https 1"，则表示请求未通过ssl加密
server {
listen 443 ssl;
set $twaf_https 1;
...
}
server {
listen 80;
set $twaf_https 0;
...
}$twaf_upstream_server
syntax: set $twaf_upstream_server ""
default: none
context: server
用于指定后端服务器地址，只需初始化为空字符串即可，其值由"server_ssl"和"forward"确定
upstream server_1 {
...
}
upstream server_2 {
...
}
server {
...
set $twaf_upstream_server "";
location / {
...
proxy_pass $twaf_upstream_server;
}
}
若"server_ssl"值为true, "forward"值为"server_1"
等价于proxy_pass https://server_1;
若"server_ssl"值为false, "forward"值为"server_2"
等价于proxy_pass http://server_2;SecRules
Variables
- ARGS
- ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE
- ARGS_GET
- ARGS_GET_NAMES
- ARGS_NAMES
- ARGS_POST
- ARGS_POST_NAMES
- BYTES_IN
- CONNECTION_REQUESTS
- DURATION
- FILES
- FILES_NAMES
- GEO
- GEO_CODE3
- GEO_CODE3
- GEO_ID
- GEO_CONTINENT
- GEO_NAME
- GZIP_RATIO
- HTTP_COOKIE
- HTTP_HOST
- HTTP_REFERER
- HTTP_USER_AGENT
- IP_VERSION
- MATCHED_VAR
- MATCHED_VARS
- MATCHED_VAR_NAME
- MATCHED_VARS_NAMES
- ORIGINAL_DST_ADDR
- ORIGINAL_DST_PORT
- POLICYID
- QUERY_STRING
- RAW_HEADER
- RAW_HEADER_TRUE
- REMOTE_ADDR
- REMOTE_HOST
- REMOTE_PORT
- REMOTE_USER
- REQUEST_BASENAME
- REQUEST_BODY
- REQUEST_COOKIES
- REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES
- REQUEST_FILENAME
- REQUEST_HEADERS
- REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES
- REQUEST_LINE
- REQUEST_METHOD
- REQUEST_PROTOCOL
- HTTP_VERSION
- URI
- URL
- REQUEST_URI
- RESPONSE_BODY
- RESPONSE_HEADERS
- RESPONSE_STATUS
- SCHEME
- SERVER_ADDR
- SERVER_NAME
- SERVER_PORT
- SESSION
- SESSION_DATA
- TIME
- TIME_DAY
- TIME_EPOCH
- TIME_HOUR
- TIME_MIN
- TIME_MON
- TIME_SEC
- TIME_WDAY
- TIME_YEAR
- TIME_LOCAL
- TX
- UNIQUE_ID
- UPSTREAM_CACHE_STATUS
- USERID
ARGS
table类型，所有的请求参数，包含ARGS_GET和ARGS_POST
例如：POST http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
请求体为：time=123456&day=365
ARGS变量值为{"name": "miracle", "age": "5", "time": "123456", "day": "365"}ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE
number类型，请求参数总长度，只包含key和value的长度，不包含'&'或'='等符号
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE变量值为15，而不是18ARGS_GET
table类型，querystring参数
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
ARGS_GET变量值为{"name": "miracle", "age": "5"}ARGS_GET_NAMES
table类型，querystring参数key值
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
ARGS_GET_NAMES变量值为["name", "age"]ARGS_NAMES
table类型，querystring参数key值及post参数key值
例如：POST http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
请求体为：time=123456&day=365
ARGS_NAMES变量值为["name", "age", "time", "day"]ARGS_POST
table类型，POST参数
例如：
POST http://www.baidu.com/login.html
请求体为：time=123456&day=365
ARGS_POST变量值为{"time": "123456", "day": "365"}ARGS_POST_NAMES
table类型，POST参数key值
例如：
POST http://www.baidu.com/login.html
请求体为：time=123456&day=365
ARGS_POST_NAMES变量值为["time", "day"]BYTES_IN
number类型，接收信息字节数
CONNECTION_REQUESTS
number类型，当前连接中的请求数
DURATION
string类型，处理事务用时时间，单位:微秒(μs)
FILES
table类型，从请求体中得到的原始文件名(带有文件后缀名)
FILES_NAMES
table类型，上传文件名称（不带有后缀名）
GEO
table类型，包含code3,code,id,continent,name等字段信息
GEO_CODE3
string类型，3个字母长度的国家缩写
GEO_CODE
string类型，2个字母长度的国家缩写
GEO_ID
number类型，国家ID
GEO_CONTINENT
string类型，国家所在大洲
GEO_NAME
string类型，国家全称
GZIP_RATIO
string类型，压缩比率
HTTP_COOKIE
string类型，请求头中的cookie字段
HTTP_HOST
string类型，请求头中的host字段值，既域名:端口(80缺省)
HTTP_REFERER
string类型，请求头中的referer字段
HTTP_USER_AGENT
string类型，请求头中的user-agent字段
IP_VERSION
string类型，IPv4 or IPv6
MATCHED_VAR
类型不定，当前匹配中的变量
MATCHED_VARS
table类型，单条规则匹配中的所有变量
MATCHED_VAR_NAME
string类型，当前匹配中的变量名称
MATCHED_VARS_NAMES
table类型，单条规则匹配中的所有变量名称
ORIGINAL_DST_ADDR
string类型，服务器地址，应用代理模式为WAF地址，透明模式为后端服务器地址
ORIGINAL_DST_PORT
string类型，服务器端口号，应用代理模式为WAF端口号，透明模式为后端服务器端口号
POLICYID
string类型，策略ID
QUERY_STRING
string类型，未解码的请求参数
RAW_HEADER
string类型，请求头信息，带请求行
RAW_HEADER_TRUE
string类型，请求头信息，不带请求行
REMOTE_ADDR
string类型，客户端地址
REMOTE_HOST
string类型，域名
REMOTE_PORT
number类型，端口号
REMOTE_USER
string类型，用于身份验证的用户名
REQUEST_BASENAME
string类型，请求的文件名
例如: GET http://www.baidu.com/test/login.php
REQUEST_BASENAME值为/login.phpREQUEST_BODY
类型不定，请求体
REQUEST_COOKIES
table类型，请求携带的cookie
REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES
table类型，请求携带cookie的名称
REQUEST_FILENAME
string类型，relative request URL(相对请求路径)
例如: GET http://www.baidu.com/test/login.php
REQUEST_FILENAME值为/test/login.phpREQUEST_HEADERS
table类型，请求头信息
REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES
table类型，请求头key值
REQUEST_LINE
string类型，请求行
REQUEST_METHOD
string类型，请求方法
REQUEST_PROTOCOL
string类型，http请求协议，如: HTTP/1.1
HTTP_VERSION
string类型，http请求协议版本，如: 1.1
URI
string类型，请求路径，既不带域名，也不带参数
例如: GET http://www.baid.com/test/login.php?name=miracle
URI变量值为/test/login.phpURL
string类型，统一资源定位符，SCHEME与HTTP_HOST与URI的拼接
例如: GET http://www.baid.com/test/login.php?name=miracle
URL变量值为http://www.baid.com/test/login.phpREQUEST_URI
string类型，请求路径，带参数，但不带有域名
例如: GET http://www.baid.com/test/login.php?name=miracle
REQUEST_URI变量值为/test/login.php?name=miracleRESPONSE_BODY
string类型，响应体
RESPONSE_HEADERS
table类型，响应头信息
RESPONSE_STATUS
function类型，响应状态码
SCHEME
string类型，http or https
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com/
SCHEME变量值为httpSERVER_ADDR
string类型，服务器地址
SERVER_NAME
string类型，服务器名称
SERVER_PORT
number类型，服务器端口号
SESSION
table类型，第三方模块lua-resty-session提供的变量
SESSION_DATA
table类型，session信息，第三方模块lua-resty-session提供的变量
TIME
string类型，hour:minute:second
TIME_DAY
number类型，天(1-31)
TIME_EPOCH
number类型，时间戳，seconds since 1970
TIME_HOUR
number类型，小时(0-23)
TIME_MIN
number类型，分钟(0-59)
TIME_MON
number类型，月份(1-12)
TIME_SEC
number类型，秒(0-59)
TIME_WDAY
number类型，周(0-6)
TIME_YEAR
number类型，年份，four-digit，例如: 1997
TIME_LOCAL
string类型，当前时间，例如: 26/Aug/2016:01:32:16 -0400
TX
table类型，用于存储当前请求信息的变量，作用域仅仅是当前请求
UNIQUE_ID
string类型，ID标识，随机生成的字符串，可通过配置来控制随机字符串的长度
UPSTREAM_CACHE_STATUS
keeps the status of accessing a response cache (0.8.3). The status can be either “MISS”, “BYPASS”, “EXPIRED”, “STALE”, “UPDATING”, “REVALIDATED”, or “HIT”.
USERID
string类型，从接入规则配置得到的用于ID标识
Transformation Functions
- base64_decode
- sql_hex_decode
- base64_encode
- counter
- [compress_whitespace ](#compress_whitespace )
- hex_decode
- hex_encode
- html_decode
- length
- lowercase
- md5
- normalise_path
- remove_nulls
- remove_whitespace
- replace_comments
- remove_comments_char
- remove_comments
- uri_decode
- uri_encode
- sha1
- trim_left
- trim
- trim
base64_decode
Decodes a Base64-encoded string.
Note: 注意transform的执行顺序
例如：
{
"id": "xxxx",
...
"transform": ["base64_decode", "lowercase"],
...
}
先执行base64解码，然后字符串最小化，若顺序调换，会影响结果sql_hex_decode
Decode sql hex data.
base64_encode
Encodes input string using Base64 encoding.
counter
计数，相当于modsecurity中的'&'符号
compress_whitespace
Converts any of the whitespace characters (0x20, \f, \t, \n, \r, \v, 0xa0) to spaces (ASCII 0x20), compressing multiple consecutive space characters into one.
hex_decode
Decodes a string that has been encoded using the same algorithm as the one used in hexEncode
hex_encode
Encodes string (possibly containing binary characters) by replacing each input byte with two hexadecimal characters.
html_decode
Decodes the characters encoded as HTML entities.
length
Looks up the length of the input string in bytes
lowercase
Converts all characters to lowercase
md5
Calculates an MD5 hash from the data in input. The computed hash is in a raw binary form and may need encoded into text to be printed (or logged). Hash functions are commonly used in combination with hex_encode (for example: "transform": ["md5", "hex_encode").
normalise_path
Removes multiple slashes, directory self-references, and directory back-references (except when at the beginning of the input) from input string.
remove_nulls
Removes all NUL bytes from input
remove_whitespace
Removes all whitespace characters from input.
移除空白字符\s，包含水平定位字符 ('\t')、归位键('\r')、换行('\n')、垂直定位字符('\v')或翻页('\f')等
replace_comments
用一个空格代替/.../注释内容
remove_comments_char
Removes common comments chars (/, /, --, #).
remove_comments
去掉/.../注释内容
uri_decode
Unescape str as an escaped URI component.
例如:
"b%20r56+7" 使用uri_decode转换后为 b r56 7uri_encode
Escape str as a URI component.
sha1
Calculates a SHA1 hash from the input string. The computed hash is in a raw binary form and may need encoded into text to be printed (or logged). Hash functions are commonly used in combination with hex_encode (for example, "transform": ["sha1", "hex_encode"]).
trim_left
Removes whitespace from the left side of the input string.
trim_right
Removes whitespace from the right side of the input string.
trim
Removes whitespace from both the left and right sides of the input string.
Operators
- begins_with
- contains
- contains_word
- detect_sqli
- detect_xss
- ends_with
- equal
- greater_eq
- greater
- ip_utils
- less_eq
- less
- pf
- regex
- str_match
- validate_url_encoding
- num_range
- str_range
begins_with
Returns true if the parameter string is found at the beginning of the input.
contains
Returns true if the parameter string is found anywhere in the input.
operator为contains且pattern为数组，相当于modsecurity的pm
PS: modsecurity的pm忽略大小写，OpenWAF中contains不忽略大小写
例如:
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "contains",
"pattern": ["abc", "def"],
...
}contains_word
Returns true if the parameter string (with word boundaries) is found anywhere in the input.
detect_sqli
This operator uses LibInjection to detect SQLi attacks.
detect_xss
This operator uses LibInjection to detect XSS attacks.
ends_with
Returns true if the parameter string is found at the end of the input.
equal
Performs a string comparison and returns true if the parameter string is identical to the input string.
相当于modsecurity的eq和streq
例如:
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "equal",
"pattern": [12345, "html", "23456"]
...
}greater_eq
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is greater than or equal to the provided parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
greater
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is greater than the operator parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
ip_utils
Performs a fast ipv4 or ipv6 match of REMOTE_ADDR variable data. Can handle the following formats:
Full IPv4 Address: 192.168.1.100 Network Block/CIDR Address: 192.168.1.0/24 IPv4 Address Region: 1.1.1.1-2.2.2.2
ip_utils与pf的组合相当于modsecurity中的ipMatchF和ipMatchFromFile
例如:
规则如下：
{
"id": "xxxx",
...
"operator": "ip_utils",
"pf": "/tmp/ip_blacklist.txt",
...
}
"/tmp/ip_blacklist.txt"文件内容如下：
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.0/24
1.1.1.1-2.2.2.2less_eq
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is less than or equal to the operator parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
less
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is less than to the operator parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
pf
pattern是operator操作的参数
pf是指pattern from file，与pattern互斥（二者不可同时出现），目前仅支持绝对路径
pf与contains组合，相当于modsecurity的pmf或pmFromFile
pf与ip_utils组合，相当于modsecurity的ipMatchF或ipMatchFromFile
regex
Performs a regular expression match of the pattern provided as parameter.
regex还有modecurity的capture捕获功能
modsecurity有关capture的描述如下： When used together with the regular expression operator (@rx), the capture action will create copies of the regular expression captures and place them into the transaction variable collection.
OpenWAF中无capture指令，但使用regex默认开启capture功能
例如:
{
"id": "000031",
"release_version": "858",
"charactor_version": "001",
"opts": {
"nolog": false
},
"phase": "access",
"action": "deny",
"meta": 403,
"severity": "low",
"rule_name": "protocol.reqHeader.c",
"desc": "协议规范性约束，检测含有不合规Range或Request-Range值的HTTP请求",
"match": [
{
"vars": [
{
"var": "REQUEST_HEADERS",
"parse": {
"specific": "Range"
}
},
{
"var": "REQUEST_HEADERS",
"parse": {
"specific": "Request-Range"
}
}
],
"operator": "regex",
"pattern": "(\\d+)\\-(\\d+)\\,"
},
{
"vars": [{
"var": "TX",
"parse": {
"specific": "2"
}
}],
"operator": "greater_eq",
"pattern": "%{TX.1}",
"parse_pattern": true,
"op_negated": true
}
]
}str_match
等同于contains
validate_url_encoding
Validates the URL-encoded characters in the provided input string.
num_range
判断是否在数字范围内
它与transform的length组合，相当于modsecurity的validateByteRange
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "num_range",
"pattern": [10, "13", "32-126"],
"transform": "length",
...
}str_range
判断是否在字符串范围内
例如时间区间判断:
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "str_range",
"pattern": ["01:42:00-04:32:00"],
...
}Others
- allow
- deny
- id
- nolog
- op_negated
- parse
- pass
- phase
- proxy_cache
- redirect
- charactor_version
- severity
- setvar
- meta
- transform
- tag
- release_version
- robot
- add_resp_headers
allow
Stops rule processing of the current phase on a successful match and allows the transaction to proceed.
"action": "allow"deny
Stops rule processing and intercepts transaction.
"action": "deny",
"meta": 403id
Stops rule processing and intercepts transaction.
"id": "xxxxxxx"nolog
不记录日志
"opts": {
"nolog": true
}op_negated
对operator结果的取反
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "HTTP_USER_AGENT"
}],
"transform": "length",
"operator": "less_eq",
"pattern": 50,
"op_negated": true
}]
等价于
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "HTTP_USER_AGENT"
}],
"transform": "length",
"operator": "greater",
"pattern": 50
}]
若请求头中user_agent字段长度大于50，则匹配中此条规则parse
对变量进一步解析
若请求GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET"
}]，
...
}]
得到的值为{"name": "miracle", "age": "5"}
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"specific": "name"
}
}]
}]
得到的值为["miracle"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"specific": ["name", "age"]
}
}]
}]
得到的值为["miracle", "5"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"ignore": "name"
}
}]
}]
得到的值为{"age": "5"}
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"ignore": ["name", "age"]
}
}]
}]
得到的值为[]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"keys": true
}
}]
}]
得到的值为["name", "age"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"values": true
}
}]
}]
得到的值为["miracle", "5"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"all": true
}
}]
}]
得到的值为["name", "age", "miracle", "5"]pass
Continues processing with the next rule in spite of a successful match.
"action": "pass"phase
规则执行的阶段，取值可为"access","header_filter","body_filter"的组合
{
"id": "xxx_01",
"phase": "access",
...
}
"xxx_01"规则在access阶段执行
{
"id": "xxx_02",
"phase": ["access", "header_filter"],
...
}
"xxx_02规则在access阶段和"header_filter"阶段各执行一次proxy_cache
{
...
phase = "header_filter", -- 缓存开关需在header_filter阶段配置
action = "pass", -- 无需拦截请求
opts = {
nolog = true, -- 不需记录日志
proxy_cache = {
state = true|false, -- 缓存开关
expired = 600 -- 缓存时长（单位秒）,默认600秒
}
}
...
}
若state为true，且得到的缓存状态为"MISS"或"EXPIRED"，则对响应内容进行缓存，同时设置缓存时长
若state为false，则清除对应缓存键的缓存（包含其缓存文件）举例如下：
## nginx.conf 有关proxy cache 配置如下
http {
proxy_cache_path /opt/cache/OpenWAF-proxy levels=2:2 keys_zone=twaf_cache:101m max_size=100m use_temp_path=off;
proxy_cache_key $host$uri;
proxy_cache twaf_cache;
proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie;
proxy_no_cache $twaf_cache_flag;
server {
set $twaf_cache_flag 1; #默认不缓存
}
}
## lua 格式 配置
{
id = "test_x01", -- id 全局唯一
opts = {
nolog = true,
proxy_cache = {
state = true,
expired = 300
}
},
phase = "header_filter",
action = "pass",
match = {{
vars = {{
var = "URI"
},{
var = "REQUEST_HEADERS",
parse = {
specific = "Referer"
}
}},
operator = "equal",
pattern = {"/xampp/", "%{SCHEME}://%{HTTP_HOST}/xampp/"},
parse_pattern = true
}}
}
此规则将缓存URI为'/xampp/'的页面，更新时间为300秒
若match中过滤条件为响应码，则相当于Nginx的proxy_cache_valid指令
若match中过滤条件为请求方法，则相当于Nginx的proxy_cache_methods指令
若macth中过滤条件为资源类型，则相当于Nginx的proxy_cache_content_type指令
PS: proxy_cache_content_type指令为官方指令，是miracle Qi修改Nginx源码扩展的功能redirect
"action": "redirect",
"meta": "/index.html"charactor_version
指定此条规则的版本，同modsecurity中Action的rev功能
"charactor_version": "001"severity
Assigns severity to the rule in which it is used.
The data below is used by the OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set (CRS):
EMERGENCY: is generated from correlation of anomaly scoring data where there is an inbound attack and an outbound leakage. ALERT: is generated from correlation where there is an inbound attack and an outbound application level error. CRITICAL: Anomaly Score of 5. Is the highest severity level possible without correlation. It is normally generated by the web attack rules (40 level files). ERROR: Error - Anomaly Score of 4. Is generated mostly from outbound leakage rules (50 level files). WARNING: Anomaly Score of 3. Is generated by malicious client rules (35 level files). NOTICE: Anomaly Score of 2. Is generated by the Protocol policy and anomaly files. INFO DEBUG
也可自定义严重等级，如:low，medium，high，critical等
"severity": "high"setvar
Creates, removes, or updates a variable.
{
"id": "xxx_01",
"opts":{
"nolog": false,
"setvar": [{
"column": "TX",
"key": "score",
"value": 5,
"incr": true
}]
},
...
}
"xxx_01"规则中，给变量TX中score成员的值加5，若TX中无score成员，则初始化为0，再加5
{
"id": "xxx_02",
"opts":{
"nolog": false,
"setvar": [{
"column": "TX",
"key": "score",
"value": 5
}]
},
...
}
"xxx_02"规则中，给变量TX中score成员的值赋为5meta
"action"的附属信息
若"action"为"deny"，则"meta"为响应码
"action": "deny",
"meta": 403
若"action"为"redirect"，则"meta"为重定向地址
"action": "redirect",
"meta": "/index.html"transform
This action is used to specify the transformation pipeline to use to transform the value of each variable used in the rule before matching.
tag
Assigns a tag (category) to a rule.
支持数组 "tag": ["xxx_1", "xxx_2"]
支持字符串 "tag": "xxx_3"release_version
规则集版本，等同于modsecurity中Action的ver功能
"release_version": "858"robot
人机识别
需提前配置人机识别模块配置，此功能暂未放开
"action": "robot"add_resp_headers
增删改响应头
例如隐藏server字段:
"opts": {
"add"_resp_headers": {
"server": ""
}
}
更多建议：