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Bootstrap5 侧边栏导航(Offcanvas)

2023-06-29 15:20 更新

Bootstrap5 侧边栏侧边栏类似于模态框，在移动端设备中比较常用。

创建滑动导航

我们可以通过 JavaScript 来设置是否在 .offcanvas 类后面添加 .show 类，从而控制侧边栏的显示与隐藏：

  • .offcanvas 隐藏内容 (默认)
  • .offcanvas.show 显示内容

可以使用 a 链接的 href 属性或者 button 元素使用 data-bs-target 属性来设置侧边栏。这两种情况都需要使用 data-bs-toggle="offcanvas"。

创建滑动导航实例如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap5 实例</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
</head>
<body>

<a class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#offcanvasExample" role="button" aria-controls="offcanvasExample">
  使用链接的 href 属性
</a>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasExample" aria-controls="offcanvasExample">
  按钮中使用 data-bs-target
</button>
 
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasExample" aria-labelledby="offcanvasExampleLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasExampleLabel">侧边栏</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body">
    <div>
      Some text as placeholder. In real life you can have the elements you have chosen. Like, text, images, lists, etc.
    </div>
    <div class="dropdown mt-3">
      <button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-bs-toggle="dropdown">
        Dropdown button
      </button>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton">
        <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
        <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
        <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>


</body>
</html>

侧边栏的方向

可以通过以下四个类来控制侧边栏的方向：

  • .offcanvas-start 显示在左侧，如上实例。
  • .offcanvas-end 显示在右侧
  • .offcanvas-top 显示在顶部
  • .offcanvas-bottom 显示在底部
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap5 实例</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
</head>
<body>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasTop" aria-controls="offcanvasTop">顶部导航栏</button>
 
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-top" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasTop" aria-labelledby="offcanvasTopLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 id="offcanvasTopLabel">显示在顶部导航栏</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body">
    ...
  </div>
</div>


</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap5 实例</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
</head>
<body>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasRight" aria-controls="offcanvasRight">右侧侧边栏</button>
 
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasRight" aria-labelledby="offcanvasRightLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 id="offcanvasRightLabel">显示在右侧侧边栏</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body">
    ...
  </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap5 实例</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
</head>
<body>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasBottom" aria-controls="offcanvasBottom">底部导航栏</button>
 
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-bottom" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasBottom" aria-labelledby="offcanvasBottomLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasBottomLabel">显示在底部导航栏</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body small">
    ...
  </div>
</div>
	
</body>
</html>

设置背景及背景是否可滚动

我们可以在弹出侧边栏的时候设置 <body> 元素是否可以滚动，也可以设置是否显示一个背景画布。 使用 data-bs-scroll 属性来设置 <body> 元素是否可滚动，data-bs-backdrop 来切换是否显示背景画布。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap5 实例</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/5.1.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
</head>
<body>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasScrolling" aria-controls="offcanvasScrolling">body 元素可以滚动</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasWithBackdrop" aria-controls="offcanvasWithBackdrop">显示画布(默认)</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasWithBothOptions" aria-controls="offcanvasWithBothOptions">允许滚动及显示画布</button>
 
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" data-bs-scroll="true" data-bs-backdrop="false" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasScrolling" aria-labelledby="offcanvasScrollingLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasScrollingLabel">正文内容可以滚动</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body">
    <p>滚动页面查看效果。</p>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasWithBackdrop" aria-labelledby="offcanvasWithBackdropLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasWithBackdropLabel">使用背景画布</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body">
    <p>正文内容不可滚动</p>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" data-bs-scroll="true" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasWithBothOptions" aria-labelledby="offcanvasWithBothOptionsLabel">
  <div class="offcanvas-header">
    <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasWithBothOptionsLabel">使用背景画布，正文内容可滚动</h5>
    <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="offcanvas-body">
    <p>滚动页面查看效果。</p>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid mt-3">
  <h3>侧边栏滚动测试</h3>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
   <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
   <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
   <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <p>侧边栏滚动测试内容。。。。</p>
  <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
</div>	
</body>
</html>


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