Beautiful Soup 4 入门手册

2021-05-20 15:59 更新

开篇大家可以着重了解一下 Beautiful Soup 4 入门手册，对后面的实际运用会有很大帮助。

下面的一段 HTML 代码将作为例子被多次用到.这是爱丽丝梦游仙境的的一段内容(以后内容中简称为爱丽丝的文档):

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""

使用 BeautifulSoup 解析这段代码,能够得到一个 BeautifulSoup 的对象,并能按照标准的缩进格式的结构输出:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')

print(soup.prettify())
# <html>
#  <head>
#   <title>
#    The Dormouse's story
#   </title>
#  </head>
#  <body>
#   <p class="title">
#    <b>
#     The Dormouse's story
#    </b>
#   </p>
#   <p class="story">
#    Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
#    <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link1">
#     Elsie
#    </a>
#    ,
#    <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link2">
#     Lacie
#    </a>
#    and
#    <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link2">
#     Tillie
#    </a>
#    ; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
#   </p>
#   <p class="story">
#    ...
#   </p>
#  </body>
# </html>

几个简单的浏览结构化数据的方法:

soup.title
# <title>The Dormouse's story</title>

soup.title.name
# u'title'

soup.title.string
# u'The Dormouse's story'

soup.title.parent.name
# u'head'

soup.p
# <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

soup.p['class']
# u'title'

soup.a
# <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link1">Elsie</a>

soup.find_all('a')
# [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link1">Elsie</a>,
#  <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link2">Lacie</a>,
#  <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link3">Tillie</a>]

soup.find(id="link3")
# <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  id="link3">Tillie</a>

从文档中找到所有<a>标签的链接:

for link in soup.find_all('a'):
    print(link.get('href'))
    # http://example.com/elsie
    # http://example.com/lacie
    # http://example.com/tillie

从文档中获取所有文字内容:

print(soup.get_text())
# The Dormouse's story
#
# The Dormouse's story
#
# Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
# Elsie,
# Lacie and
# Tillie;
# and they lived at the bottom of a well.
#
# ...

这是你想要的吗?别着急,还有更好用的。

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