Component

Ember.Component Class

PUBLIC

Extends: Ember-CoreView

Uses: Ember.TargetActionSupport

Uses: Ember.ClassNamesSupport

Uses: Ember.ActionSupport

Uses: Ember-ViewMixin

Uses: Ember-ViewStateSupport

Defined in: packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:34

Module: ember-glimmer

An Ember.Component is a view that is completely isolated. Properties accessed in its templates go to the view object and actions are targeted at the view object. There is no access to the surrounding context or outer controller; all contextual information must be passed in.

The easiest way to create an Ember.Component is via a template. If you name a template app/components/my-foo.hbs, you will be able to use {{my-foo}} in other templates, which will make an instance of the isolated component.

app/components/my-foo.hbs
{{person-profile person=currentUser}}
app/components/person-profile.hbs
<h1>{{person.title}}</h1>
<img src={{person.avatar}}>
<p class='signature'>{{person.signature}}</p>

You can use yield inside a template to include the contents of any block attached to the component. The block will be executed in the context of the surrounding context or outer controller:

{{#person-profile person=currentUser}}
  <p>Admin mode</p>
  {{! Executed in the controller's context. }}
{{/person-profile}}
app/components/person-profile.hbs
<h1>{{person.title}}</h1>
{{! Executed in the component's context. }}
{{yield}} {{! block contents }}

If you want to customize the component, in order to handle events or actions, you implement a subclass of Ember.Component named after the name of the component.

For example, you could implement the action hello for the person-profile component:

app/components/person-profile.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  actions: {
    hello(name) {
      console.log("Hello", name);
    }
  }
});

And then use it in the component's template:

app/templates/components/person-profile.hbs
<h1>{{person.title}}</h1>
{{yield}} <!-- block contents -->
<button {{action 'hello' person.name}}>
  Say Hello to {{person.name}}
</button>

Components must have a - in their name to avoid conflicts with built-in controls that wrap HTML elements. This is consistent with the same requirement in web components.

HTML Tag

The default HTML tag name used for a component's DOM representation is div. This can be customized by setting the tagName property. The following component class:

app/components/emphasized-paragraph.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'em'
});

Would result in instances with the following HTML:

<em id="ember1" class="ember-view"></em>

HTML class Attribute

The HTML class attribute of a component's tag can be set by providing a classNames property that is set to an array of strings:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNames: ['my-class', 'my-other-class']
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view my-class my-other-class"></div>

class attribute values can also be set by providing a classNameBindings property set to an array of properties names for the component. The return value of these properties will be added as part of the value for the components's class attribute. These properties can be computed properties:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['propertyA', 'propertyB'],
  propertyA: 'from-a',
  propertyB: Ember.computed(function() {
    if (someLogic) { return 'from-b'; }
  })
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view from-a from-b"></div>

If the value of a class name binding returns a boolean the property name itself will be used as the class name if the property is true. The class name will not be added if the value is false or undefined.

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['hovered'],
  hovered: true
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view hovered"></div>

When using boolean class name bindings you can supply a string value other than the property name for use as the class HTML attribute by appending the preferred value after a ":" character when defining the binding:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['awesome:so-very-cool'],
  awesome: true
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view so-very-cool"></div>

Boolean value class name bindings whose property names are in a camelCase-style format will be converted to a dasherized format:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['isUrgent'],
  isUrgent: true
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view is-urgent"></div>

Class name bindings can also refer to object values that are found by traversing a path relative to the component itself:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['messages.empty'],
  messages: Ember.Object.create({
    empty: true
  })
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view empty"></div>

If you want to add a class name for a property which evaluates to true and and a different class name if it evaluates to false, you can pass a binding like this:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['isEnabled:enabled:disabled'],
  isEnabled: true
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view enabled"></div>

When isEnabled is false, the resulting HTML representation looks like this:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view disabled"></div>

This syntax offers the convenience to add a class if a property is false:

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

// Applies no class when isEnabled is true and class 'disabled' when isEnabled is false
export default Ember.Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['isEnabled::disabled'],
  isEnabled: true
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view"></div>

When the isEnabled property on the component is set to false, it will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<div id="ember1" class="ember-view disabled"></div>

Updates to the value of a class name binding will result in automatic update of the HTML class attribute in the component's rendered HTML representation. If the value becomes false or undefined the class name will be removed. Both classNames and classNameBindings are concatenated properties. See Ember.Object documentation for more information about concatenated properties.

HTML Attributes

The HTML attribute section of a component's tag can be set by providing an attributeBindings property set to an array of property names on the component. The return value of these properties will be used as the value of the component's HTML associated attribute:

app/components/my-anchor.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'a',
  attributeBindings: ['href'],
  href: 'http://google.com'
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<a id="ember1" class="ember-view" href="http://google.com" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" ></a>

One property can be mapped on to another by placing a ":" between the source property and the destination property:

app/components/my-anchor.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'a',
  attributeBindings: ['url:href'],
  url: 'http://google.com'
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<a id="ember1" class="ember-view" href="http://google.com" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" ></a>

Namespaced attributes (e.g. xlink:href) are supported, but have to be mapped, since : is not a valid character for properties in Javascript:

app/components/my-use.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'use',
  attributeBindings: ['xlinkHref:xlink:href'],
  xlinkHref: '#triangle'
});

Will result in component instances with an HTML representation of:

<use xlink:href="#triangle"></use>

If the return value of an attributeBindings monitored property is a boolean the attribute will be present or absent depending on the value:

app/components/my-text-input.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'input',
  attributeBindings: ['disabled'],
  disabled: false
});

Will result in a component instance with an HTML representation of:

<input id="ember1" class="ember-view" />

attributeBindings can refer to computed properties:

app/components/my-text-input.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'input',
  attributeBindings: ['disabled'],
  disabled: Ember.computed(function() {
    if (someLogic) {
      return true;
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  })
});

To prevent setting an attribute altogether, use null or undefined as the return value of the attributeBindings monitored property:

app/components/my-text-input.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  tagName: 'form',
  attributeBindings: ['novalidate'],
  novalidate: null
});

Updates to the property of an attribute binding will result in automatic update of the HTML attribute in the component's rendered HTML representation. attributeBindings is a concatenated property. See Ember.Object documentation for more information about concatenated properties.

Layouts

See Ember.Templates.helpers.yield for more information.

Responding to Browser Events

Components can respond to user-initiated events in one of three ways: method implementation, through an event manager, and through {{action}} helper use in their template or layout.

Method Implementation

Components can respond to user-initiated events by implementing a method that matches the event name. A jQuery.Event object will be passed as the argument to this method.

app/components/my-widget.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  click(event) {
    // will be called when an instance's
    // rendered element is clicked
  }
});

{{action}} Helper

See Ember.Templates.helpers.action.

Event Names

All of the event handling approaches described above respond to the same set of events. The names of the built-in events are listed below. (The hash of built-in events exists in Ember.EventDispatcher.) Additional, custom events can be registered by using Ember.Application.customEvents.

Touch events:

  • touchStart
  • touchMove
  • touchEnd
  • touchCancel

Keyboard events:

  • keyDown
  • keyUp
  • keyPress

Mouse events:

  • mouseDown
  • mouseUp
  • contextMenu
  • click
  • doubleClick
  • mouseMove
  • focusIn
  • focusOut
  • mouseEnter
  • mouseLeave

Form events:

  • submit
  • change
  • focusIn
  • focusOut
  • input

HTML5 drag and drop events:

  • dragStart
  • drag
  • dragEnter
  • dragLeave
  • dragOver
  • dragEnd
  • drop

$ (selector) JQuerypublic

Inherited from Ember.ViewMixin but overwritten in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:833

Returns a jQuery object for this component's element. If you pass in a selector string, this method will return a jQuery object, using the current element as its buffer. For example, calling component.$('li') will return a jQuery object containing all of the li elements inside the DOM element of this component.

Parameters:

selector [String]
a jQuery-compatible selector string

Returns:

JQuery
the jQuery object for the DOM node

destroyprivate

Inherited from Ember.CoreObject but overwritten in packages/ember-views/lib/mixins/view_support.js:455

You must call destroy on a view to destroy the view (and all of its child views). This will remove the view from any parent node, then make sure that the DOM element managed by the view can be released by the memory manager.

didReceiveAttrspublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:709
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the attributes passed into the component have been updated. Called both during the initial render of a container and during a rerender. Can be used in place of an observer; code placed here will be executed every time any attribute updates.

didRenderpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:729
Available since 1.13.0

Called after a component has been rendered, both on initial render and in subsequent rerenders.

didUpdatepublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:793
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the component has updated and rerendered itself. Called only during a rerender, not during an initial render.

didUpdateAttrspublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:761
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the attributes passed into the component have been changed. Called only during a rerender, not during an initial render.

initprivate

Inherited from Ember.CoreObject but overwritten in packages/ember-views/lib/mixins/view_support.js:515

Setup a view, but do not finish waking it up.

  • configure childViews
  • register the view with the global views hash, which is used for event dispatch

readDOMAttr (name) public

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:604

Normally, Ember's component model is "write-only". The component takes a bunch of attributes that it got passed in, and uses them to render its template.

One nice thing about this model is that if you try to set a value to the same thing as last time, Ember (through HTMLBars) will avoid doing any work on the DOM.

This is not just a performance optimization. If an attribute has not changed, it is important not to clobber the element's "hidden state". For example, if you set an input's value to the same value as before, it will clobber selection state and cursor position. In other words, setting an attribute is not always idempotent.

This method provides a way to read an element's attribute and also update the last value Ember knows about at the same time. This makes setting an attribute idempotent.

In particular, what this means is that if you get an <input> element's value attribute and then re-render the template with the same value, it will avoid clobbering the cursor and selection position. Since most attribute sets are idempotent in the browser, you typically can get away with reading attributes using jQuery, but the most reliable way to do so is through this method.

Parameters:

name String
the name of the attribute

Returns:

String

willRenderpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:745
Available since 1.13.0

Called before a component has been rendered, both on initial render and in subsequent rerenders.

willUpdatepublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:777
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the component is about to update and rerender itself. Called only during a rerender, not during an initial render.

didReceiveAttrspublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:719
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the attributes passed into the component have been updated. Called both during the initial render of a container and during a rerender. Can be used in place of an observer; code placed here will be executed every time any attribute updates.

didRenderpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:737
Available since 1.13.0

Called after a component has been rendered, both on initial render and in subsequent rerenders.

didUpdatepublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:801
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the component has updated and rerendered itself. Called only during a rerender, not during an initial render.

didUpdateAttrspublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:769
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the attributes passed into the component have been changed. Called only during a rerender, not during an initial render.

willRenderpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:753
Available since 1.13.0

Called before a component has been rendered, both on initial render and in subsequent rerenders.

willUpdatepublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:785
Available since 1.13.0

Called when the component is about to update and rerender itself. Called only during a rerender, not during an initial render.

ariaRoleStringpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:640

The WAI-ARIA role of the control represented by this view. For example, a button may have a role of type 'button', or a pane may have a role of type 'alertdialog'. This property is used by assistive software to help visually challenged users navigate rich web applications.

The full list of valid WAI-ARIA roles is available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#roles_categorization

Default: null

elementIdStringpublic

Inherited from Ember.ViewMixin but overwritten in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:845

The HTML id of the component's element in the DOM. You can provide this value yourself but it must be unique (just as in HTML):

{{my-component elementId="a-really-cool-id"}}

If not manually set a default value will be provided by the framework. Once rendered an element's elementId is considered immutable and you should never change it. If you need to compute a dynamic value for the elementId, you should do this when the component or element is being instantiated:

export default Ember.Component.extend({
  init() {
    this._super(...arguments);

    var index = this.get('index');
    this.set('elementId', `component-id${index}`);
  }
});

isVisibleBooleanpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:874

If false, the view will appear hidden in DOM.

Default: null

layoutFunctionpublic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:809

A component may contain a layout. A layout is a regular template but supersedes the template property during rendering. It is the responsibility of the layout template to retrieve the template property from the component (or alternatively, call Handlebars.helpers.yield, {{yield}}) to render it in the correct location. This is useful for a component that has a shared wrapper, but which delegates the rendering of the contents of the wrapper to the template property on a subclass.

layoutNameStringprivate

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:823

The name of the layout to lookup if no layout is provided. By default Ember.Component will lookup a template with this name in Ember.TEMPLATES (a shared global object).

Default: null

positionalParamspublicstatic

Defined in packages/ember-glimmer/lib/component.js:655
Available since 1.13.0

Enables components to take a list of parameters as arguments. For example, a component that takes two parameters with the names name and age:

let MyComponent = Ember.Component.extend;

MyComponent.reopenClass({
  positionalParams: ['name', 'age']
});

It can then be invoked like this:

{{my-component "John" 38}}

The parameters can be referred to just like named parameters:

Name: {{name}}, Age: {{age}}.

Using a string instead of an array allows for an arbitrary number of parameters:

let MyComponent = Ember.Component.extend;

MyComponent.reopenClass({
  positionalParams: 'names'
});

It can then be invoked like this:

{{my-component "John" "Michael" "Scott"}}

The parameters can then be referred to by enumerating over the list:

{{#each names as |name|}}{{name}}{{/each}}

© 2017 Yehuda Katz, Tom Dale and Ember.js contributors
Licensed under the MIT License.
https://emberjs.com/api/classes/Ember.Component.html

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