PageObjects

PageObjects

UI of your web application has interaction areas which can be shared across different tests. To avoid code duplication you can put common locators and methods into one place.

PageObjects

In case an application has different pages (login, admin, etc) you should use a page object. CodeceptJS can generate a template for it with next command

codeceptjs gpo

(or generate pageobject)

This will create a sample template for a page object and include it into codecept.json config.

'use strict';
let I;

module.exports = {

  _init() {
    I = actor();
  }

  // insert your locators and methods here
}

As you see, I object is available there so you can use it as you do in tests. General page object for a login page may look like this:

'use strict';
let I;

module.exports = {

  _init() {
    I = actor();
  },

  // setting locators
  fields: {
    email: '#user_basic_email',
    password: '#user_basic_password'
  },
  submitButton: {css: '#new_user_basic input[type=submit]'},

  // introducing methods
  sendForm(email, password) {
    I.fillField(this.fields.email, email);
    I.fillField(this.fields.password, password);
    I.click(this.submitButton);
  }
}

You can include this pageobject in test by its name (defined in codecept.json). In case you created a loginPage object it should be added to list of test arguments to be included in test:

Scenario('login', (I, loginPage) => {
  loginPage.sendForm('john@doe.com','123456');
  I.see('Hello, John');
});

Page Fragments

In a similar manner CodeceptJS allows you to generate PageFragments and any other are abstraction by running go command with --type (or -t) option:

codeceptjs go --type fragment

Page Fragments represent autonomous parts of a page, like modal boxes, components, widgets. Technically they are the same as PageObject but conceptually they are a bit different. For instance, it is recommended that Page Fragment to include a root locator of a component. Methods of page fragment can use within block to narrow scope to a root locator:

let I;
// fragments/modal.js
module.exports = {

  _init() {
    I = actor();
  },

  root: '#modal',

  // we are clicking "Accept: inside a popup window
  accept() {
    within(this.root, function() {
      I.click('Accept');
    });
  }
}

StepObjects

StepObjects represent complex actions which involve usage of multiple web pages. For instance, creating users in backend, chaning permissions, etc. StepObject can be created similarly to PageObjects or PageFragments:

codeceptjs go --type step

Technically they are the same as PageObjects but with no locators inside them. StepObjects can inject PageObjects and use multiple POs to make a complex scenarios:

let I, userPage, permissionPage;
module.exports = {

  _init() {
    I = actor();
    userPage = require('../pages/user');
    userPage._init();
    permissionPage = require('../pages/permissions');
    permissionPage._init();

  },

  createUser(name) {
    // action composed from actions of page objects
    userPage.open();
    userPage.create(name);
    permissionPage.activate(name);
  }

};

Actor

Login example above can be reworked so the method login would be available in I object itself. This is recommended if most of tests require user authentication and for not to require loginPage every time.

At initialization you were asked to create custom steps file. If you accepted this option you may use custom_steps.js file to extend I. See how login method can be added to I:

'use strict';
// in this file you can append custom step methods to 'I' object

module.exports = function() {
  return actor({

    login: function(email, password) {
      this.fillField('Email', email);
      this.fillField('Password', password);
      this.click('Submit');
    }
  });
}

Please notice that instead of I you should use this in current context.

done()

© 2015 DavertMik <davert@codegyre.com> (http://codegyre.com)
Licensed under the MIT License.
http://codecept.io/pageobjects/

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