Bootstrap 导航元素

2021-10-15 13:47 更新

Bootstrap 导航元素

本章我们将讲解 Bootstrap 提供的用于定义导航元素的一些选项。它们使用相同的标记和基类 .nav。Bootstrap 也提供了一个用于共享标记和状态的帮助器类。改变修饰的 class,可以在不同的样式间进行切换。

表格导航或标签

创建一个标签式的导航菜单:

  • 以一个带有 class .nav 的无序列表开始。

  • 添加 class .nav-tabs

下面的实例演示了这点:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 标签式的导航菜单</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>标签式的导航菜单</p><ul class="nav nav-tabs">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul></body></html>

结果如下所示:

标签式的导航菜单

胶囊式的导航菜单

基本的胶囊式导航菜单

如果需要把标签改成胶囊的样式,只需要使用 class .nav-pills 代替 .nav-tabs 即可,其他的步骤与上面相同。

下面的实例演示了这点:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 基本的胶囊式导航菜单</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>基本的胶囊式导航菜单</p><ul class="nav nav-pills">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul></body></html>

结果如下所示:

基本的胶囊式导航菜单

垂直的胶囊式导航菜单

您可以在使用 class .nav、.nav-pills 的同时使用 class .nav-stacked,让胶囊垂直堆叠。

下面的实例演示了这点:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 垂直的胶囊式导航菜单</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>垂直的胶囊式导航菜单</p><ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul></body></html>

结果如下所示:

垂直的胶囊式导航菜单

两端对齐的导航

您可以在屏幕宽度大于 768px 时,通过在分别使用 .nav、.nav-tabs.nav、.nav-pills 的同时使用 class .nav-justified,让标签式或胶囊式导航菜单与父元素等宽。在更小的屏幕上,导航链接会堆叠。

下面的实例演示了这点:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 两端对齐的导航元素</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>两端对齐的导航元素</p><ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul><br><br><br><ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-justified">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul></body></html>

结果如下所示:

两端对齐的导航元素

禁用链接

对每个 .nav class,如果添加了 .disabled class,则会创建一个灰色的链接,同时禁用了该链接的 :hover 状态,如下面的实例所示:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 导航元素中的禁用链接</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>导航元素中的禁用链接</p><ul class="nav nav-pills">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li class="disabled"><a href="#">iOS(禁用链接)</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul><br><br><ul class="nav nav-tabs">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li  class="disabled"><a href="#">VB.Net(禁用链接)</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">Java</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul>	</body></html>

结果如下所示:

导航元素中的禁用链接
该 class 只会改变 <a> 的外观,不会改变它的功能。在这里,您需要使用自定义的 JavaScript 来禁用链接。

下拉菜单

导航菜单与下拉菜单使用相似的语法。默认情况下,列表项的锚与一些数据属性协同合作来触发带有 .dropdown-menu class 的无序列表。

带有下拉菜单的标签

向标签添加下拉菜单的步骤如下:

  • 以一个带有 class .nav 的无序列表开始。

  • 添加 class .nav-tabs

  • 添加带有 .dropdown-menu class 的无序列表。

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 带有下拉菜单的标签</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>带有下拉菜单的标签</p><ul class="nav nav-tabs">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li class="dropdown">
      <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
         Java <span class="caret"></span>
      </a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu">
         <li><a href="#">Swing</a></li>
         <li><a href="#">jMeter</a></li>
         <li><a href="#">EJB</a></li>
         <li class="divider"></li>
         <li><a href="#">分离的链接</a></li>
      </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul></body></html>

结果如下所示:

带有下拉菜单的标签

带有下拉菜单的胶囊

步骤与创建带有下拉菜单的标签相同,只是需要把 .nav-tabs class 改为 .nav-pills,如下面的实例所示:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 带有下拉菜单的胶囊</title>
   <link href="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"  rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script>
   <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/js/bootstrap.min.js" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ></script></head><body><p>带有下拉菜单的胶囊</p><ul class="nav nav-pills">
   <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">SVN</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">iOS</a></li>
   <li><a href="#">VB.Net</a></li>
   <li class="dropdown">
      <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
         Java <span class="caret"></span>
      </a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu">
         <li><a href="#">Swing</a></li>
         <li><a href="#">jMeter</a></li>
         <li><a href="#">EJB</a></li>
         <li class="divider"></li>
         <li><a href="#">分离的链接</a></li>
      </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#">PHP</a></li></ul></body></html>

结果如下所示:

带有下拉菜单的胶囊

相关练习

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